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Why do some people dislike giving their opinions?

If I had to hazard a guess I would say there are probably a few reasons. To start with, lack of confidence in one’s own views on a particular matter, and secondly, a fear of negative ramifications for sharing a certain view publicly. At least, these are the reasons why I’m often reticent to do so and I imagine plenty of other folk feel a similar way.

假如我要Monpazier地明确提出他们的观点，就要说可能将有以下几点其原因，具体来说是两个人对他们在某方面的观点缺乏自信。其次是畏惧在公开场合分享观点可能将带来的消极后果。至少，这些是我经常对此保持谨慎的其原因，所以我想很多人也会有类似的感受。

Many people simply lack the self-assureness to speak out on subjects. Intellectual insecurity leads some people to feel that they can never share an opinion on an intelligent topic because they’re not a so-called expert. While this shows an endearing humbleness it can go too far, to the point where one remains silent in most conversations. Also, who is the arbiter of expertise? Lots of bold people talk complete nonsense and are never called out for it. They’d be totally unable to back up their opinions if questioned, but a bit of panache and confidence in their own views seem to guarantee that they don’t lose face when speaking out.

很多人只是缺乏公开谈论一些话题的自信，知识上的不安感，导致很多人感觉到他们永远也不能够在两个深刻的主题上去发表观点，因为他们不是所谓的专家。尽管这体现出一种易被人接受的谦卑，但其程度已经远超正常范畴，到达一种让人们在大部分的对话当中都会保持沉默的程度。然而，谁是专家这一概念的裁决者呢？许多大胆的人即使未被询问也谈论着完全毫无意义的观点。当被提问到观点时，他们其实完全不能够证实他们想法是对的，但是一些观点中的派头和在自信仿佛就能够让他们在公开谈论的时候，永远不会担心丢脸。

Negative social consequences are another big motivating factor for keeping schtum. Its all fine an dandy sharing thoughts in a‘bubble’of like-minded people, since you already know everyone will agree with you. But, giving a controversial viewpoint in front of people who maybe don’t think the same way can have potential downsides. For one, they’re unlikely to want to be friends with you, and at a deep level I think we all want to be liked by others. On top of that, theres fear of causing offence. The majority of folk try their best to be polite in society, and if that means holding ones tongue now and again to avoid offending someone, then it’s a price many of us are willing to pay. Finally, speaking out can lead to ostracization or even legal punishment in some cases. If a view goes against social orthodoxy or the government of the day, an outspoken individual might find themselves in real trouble.

社交的消极影响，是我们保持沉默的另外两个强大驱动因素。假如两个爱炫耀的人在一群观点相似的人当中，分享他们的见解通常是不会有任何问题的，毕竟你早就知道，每个人都赞同你的观点。但是假如面对那些思想可能将不太一致的人时，给有争议的观点，可能将会招致潜在的不良的后果。一方面，他们未必会想要和你成为朋友，而在两个比较深层次，我认为人人都想要被其他人所喜欢。除此之外，出于对惹麻烦的担忧会让大部分的人都会尽量在社交场合表现得礼貌得体，而假如这意味着我们要时不时通过保持沉默来避免激怒某人，这也是我们中大多数人都愿意所付出的代价。最后，公开他们的观点可能将会导致受到排斥，甚至在某些情况下受到法律的惩罚，假如两个观点，违反了社会的正统观点或那时政府的观点，这时讲出观点的个人将会发现他们身处大麻烦之中。

As you can see, it’s a bit of a minefield. I think were all constantly weighing up the pros and cons every time we share an outlook. For that reason, I certainly don’t blame people for deciding to keep their thoughts to themselves. It’s something I should probably do more often.

所以你可以理解，这会是充满危险的，我认为所有人都会一直衡量每一次我们分享两个观点时的利弊，因此，我确实不想责怪那些对他们的观点守口如瓶的人们，这也是我可能将需要平时更多做的事。

Are there any apps designed for collecting opinions about products or services?

Absolutely, besides having dedicated apps for this reason, most e-commerce ones have it as a built in feature.

当然，除了一些专门为此目的而产生的APP以外，大多数电商APP都有这个内在的功能。

I’ll use Amazon as an example, seeing as it’s the largest e-commerce platform worldwide. While browsing any product, one can skim over the reviews before buying to see if it’s worth the money. There’s a rating system of between 1 and 5 stars and previous buyers have the opportunity to leave a comment.

让我来用亚马逊举两个例子，因为它正是世界全球范围内最大的电商网络平台。当在浏览任何商品时，在下单确认商品是否物有所值之前，人们可以浏览到相关的评价，这是两个基于一到五分之间的排名系统，而之前的买家会有机会对产品做出评价。

I’m not sure who pioneered this but it’s become an integral part of internet shopping these days. I personally, find it invaluable as it negates the trust issue that shopping online is fraught with. Yes, we can look at a picture on a website, but those can often be misleading. Knowing that real people have bought and rated a commodity helps me feel at ease when purchasing.

我不确定是谁倡导了这个功能的使用，但是它确实是最近在线购物的两个必要的部分。对我个人来说，我认为它是极其有用的，因为它解决了两个真实的问题，那就是在线购物的充满艰辛。是的，我们可以在网上看到图片，但是这些图片经常是具有误导性的，了解到真实的人买了并且评价了两个商品，让我感到购买它的时候会容易一些。

From travel and tourism apps like booking.com, to restaurant and takeaway ones like Just Eat, so many platforms encourage users to review and rate products or services featured on them. I’d say it’s definitely improved the modern phenomenon of buying everything on a smartphone, for me and many others as well.

对一些旅游App比如说像booking缤客和餐厅外卖AppJust Eat这样的，很多网络平台鼓励用户再次浏览并对产品和服务评分，我觉得这绝对改善了在手机上完成一切购买的现代社会现象，这对我和对很多人都是一样的。

Why do people like to express their opinions on the Internet nowadays?

I guess the internet and especially social media kind of serve as a modern version of the town square. The fact that basically the whole world is connected, gives anyone who wishes a voice and a platform. Many of the negative ramifications for sharing a viewpoint that I mentioned earlier don’t apply online. Anonymity is a prime reason for this. When creating a profile on social media, one doesn’t need to use their real name or photo. This is like going about the streets in a disguise and causes people to act and behave in ways they wouldnt otherwise. So that shy, withdrawn person in real life now has the courage to add their two cents to a conversation.

我猜互联网，特别是社交媒体，似乎扮演了现代版城镇广场的角色。万物互联这一基本事实让每个想要发声的人有了网络平台，我之前提到过的很多分享观点带来的消极后果在互联网上都不太适用，网络的匿名性是这一点的主要其原因。当在社交网络平台上创建两个主页，人们不需要去使用他们真实的名字或照片，这就好像是乔装打扮后在街上游荡，这会导致人们以平时不会的方式在网络上表现他们和采取行动，所以在真实生活当中腼腆的，与世隔绝的人现在也会有勇气在公众对话当中阐发他们的声音。

In addition, online it’s easier to find and connect with likeminded people. So those unorthodox thoughts can be shared in an environment devoid of hostility. For example, your neighbour may find your views on religion, music, movies or politics disagreeable, but your social media circle understands your mentality, freeing you up toblether away.

除此之外，在网上也更加容易找到、联系到志趣相投的人，所以那些非正统的思想能够在两个没有敌意的环境当中会分享。举个例子：你的邻居会无法赞同你在关于宗教音乐，电影，政治方面的观点，但是你的社交媒体圈子能够理解你的精神状态,以一种什么样的方式来让你获得自由。

What are the disadvantages of sharing opinions on the Internet?

Taking all public discourse online is a bit of a double-edged sword. While those aforementioned benefits exist, there are additional downsides.

在网上发表公开言论似乎是一把双刃剑，除了上文提到的那些好处之外，还会有一些另外的坏处。

The same anonymity that unburdens the introverted, can cause people to discard those manners, so important to society, that I mentioned previously. Take my mate David for instance. He’s a lovely guy in real life: courteous, caring and considerate. However, I’m friends with him on social media and I see some of his posts and spats with people from time to time. There’s such a gap between his digital persona and the flesh and blood person I know. Bellicose, catty and malicious rhetoric characterize his facebook page and it’s really caused me to wonder what he’s thinking under the surface when I talk to him.

The psychological distancing that happens during online discourse seems to make some people see each other as less human, hence discarding any empathy for them. So, when a user posts something contentious and it gets shared around, it can lead to cyber bullying, a twitter mob or even doxing. Tons of people have had their lives destroyed for simply posting a thought on social media, and in the worst cases people have committed suicide because of it. This dehumanized quarreling is all driven by the algorithms that crave user engagement, be it good or bad.

在网上发表言论，所导致的心理上的距离，似乎会让人闷，认为彼此不够人性化，因此会抛弃对这些人的同理心，所以当两个用户上传了某个有争议的东西并且分享出去，就可能将会导致网络上的霸凌,脸书上的围攻甚至是人肉搜索。很多人只是因为在社交媒体上分享了两个观念，就让他们的生活毁于一旦，而在最糟糕的情况下，甚至会有人因此而自杀。这种去人性化的辩论是由计算机算法，为了提高用户参与度而实施的，无论是否会带来好或者坏的结果。

So, while the internet has given a voice to marginalized folk, it also has a dark side that can’t be ignored.

因此，尽管网络有给到一些边缘群体发声的机会，它所带来的负面影响也是我们不应该忽视的。